Array.FindAll<T>(T[], Predicate<T>) Metod

public:
generic <typename T>
 static cli::array <T> ^ FindAll(cli::array <T> ^ array, Predicate<T> ^ match);

public static T[] FindAll<T>(T[] array, Predicate<T> match);

static member FindAll : 'T[] * Predicate<'T> -> 'T[]

Public Shared Function FindAll(Of T) (array As T(), match As Predicate(Of T)) As T()

Typparametrar

Parametrar

Returer

En Array som innehåller alla element som matchar de villkor som definieras av det angivna predikatet, om det hittas, annars en tom Array.

Undantag

Exempel

I följande exempel skapas en matris med 50 slumpmässiga tal med värden som kan variera från 0 till 1 000. Sedan anropas FindAll metoden med ett lambda-uttryck som returnerar de värden som sträcker sig från 300 till 600. Observera att lambda-uttrycket skickas en parameter med namnet x. Detta representerar den enskilda matrismedlem som skickas till Predicate<T>. Observera också att de lokala lBound variablerna och uBound variablerna är tillgängliga i lambda-uttrycket.

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;

public class Example
{
   public static void Main()
   {
      // Get an array of n random integers.
      int[] values = GetArray(50, 0, 1000);
      int lBound = 300;
      int uBound = 600;
      int[] matchedItems = Array.FindAll(values, x =>
                                       x >= lBound && x <= uBound);
      for (int ctr = 0; ctr < matchedItems.Length; ctr++) {
         Console.Write("{0}  ", matchedItems[ctr]);
         if ((ctr + 1) % 12 == 0)
            Console.WriteLine();
      }
   }

   private static int[] GetArray(int n, int lower, int upper)
   {
      Random rnd = new Random();
      List<int> list = new List<int>();
      for (int ctr = 1; ctr <= n; ctr++)
         list.Add(rnd.Next(lower, upper + 1));

      return list.ToArray();
   }
}
// The example displays output similar to the following:
//       542  398  356  351  348  301  562  599  575  400  569  306
//       535  416  393  385

open System

let getArray n lower upper =
    let rnd = Random()
    [|  for _ = 1 to n do 
            rnd.Next(lower, upper + 1) |]

// Get an array of n random integers.
let values = getArray 50 0 1000
let lBound = 300
let uBound = 600
let matchedItems = Array.FindAll(values, fun x -> x >= lBound && x <= uBound)

for i = 0 to matchedItems.Length - 1 do
    printf $"{matchedItems[i]}  "
    if (i + 1) % 12 = 0 then printfn ""

// The example displays output similar to the following:
//       542  398  356  351  348  301  562  599  575  400  569  306
//       535  416  393  385

Imports System.Collections.Generic

Module Example
   Public Sub Main()
      ' Get an array of n random integers.
      Dim values() As Integer = GetArray(50, 0, 1000)
      Dim lBound As Integer = 300
      Dim uBound As Integer = 600
      Dim matchedItems() As Integer = Array.FindAll(values, 
                                            Function(x) x >= lBound And x <= uBound)  
      For ctr As Integer = 0 To matchedItems.Length - 1
         Console.Write("{0}  ", matchedItems(ctr))
         If (ctr + 1) Mod 12 = 0 Then Console.WriteLine()
      Next
   End Sub
   
   Private Function GetArray(n As Integer, lower As Integer, 
                             upper As Integer) As Integer()
      Dim rnd As New Random()
      Dim list As New List(Of Integer)
      For ctr As Integer = 1 To n
         list.Add(rnd.Next(lower, upper + 1))
      Next
      Return list.ToArray()
   End Function
End Module
' The example displays output similar to the following:
'       542  398  356  351  348  301  562  599  575  400  569  306
'       535  416  393  385

I följande kodexempel visas metoderna Find, FindLastoch FindAll generiska metoder. En matris med strängar skapas, som innehåller 8 dinosaurienamn, varav två (på position 1 och 5) slutar med "saurus". Kodexemplet definierar också en sökpredikatmetod med namnet EndsWithSaurus, som accepterar en strängparameter och returnerar ett booleskt värde som anger om indatasträngen slutar med "saurus".

Den Find generiska metoden passerar matrisen från början och skickar varje element i tur och ordning till EndsWithSaurus metoden. Sökningen EndsWithSaurus stoppas när metoden returnerar true för elementet "Amargasaurus".

Den FindLast generiska metoden används för att söka i matrisen bakåt från slutet. Den hittar elementet "Dilophosaurus" på position 5. Den FindAll generiska metoden används för att returnera en matris som innehåller alla element som slutar i "saurus". Elementen visas.

Kodexemplet visar också de Exists generiska metoderna och TrueForAll .

using System;

public class DinoDiscoverySet
{
    public static void Main()
    {
        string[] dinosaurs =
        {
            "Compsognathus", "Amargasaurus", "Oviraptor",
            "Velociraptor",  "Deinonychus",  "Dilophosaurus",
            "Gallimimus",    "Triceratops"
        };

        DinoDiscoverySet GoMesozoic = new DinoDiscoverySet(dinosaurs);

        GoMesozoic.DiscoverAll();
        GoMesozoic.DiscoverByEnding("saurus");
    }

    private string[] dinosaurs;

    public DinoDiscoverySet(string[] items)
    {
        dinosaurs = items;
    }

    public void DiscoverAll()
    {
        Console.WriteLine();
        foreach(string dinosaur in dinosaurs)
        {
            Console.WriteLine(dinosaur);
        }
    }

    public void DiscoverByEnding(string Ending)
    {
        Predicate<string> dinoType;

        switch (Ending.ToLower())
        {
            case "raptor":
                dinoType = EndsWithRaptor;
                break;
            case "tops":
                dinoType = EndsWithTops;
                break;
            case "saurus":
            default:
                dinoType = EndsWithSaurus;
                break;
        }
        Console.WriteLine(
            "\nArray.Exists(dinosaurs, \"{0}\"): {1}",
            Ending,
            Array.Exists(dinosaurs, dinoType));

        Console.WriteLine(
            "\nArray.TrueForAll(dinosaurs, \"{0}\"): {1}",
            Ending,
            Array.TrueForAll(dinosaurs, dinoType));

        Console.WriteLine(
            "\nArray.Find(dinosaurs, \"{0}\"): {1}",
            Ending,
            Array.Find(dinosaurs, dinoType));

        Console.WriteLine(
            "\nArray.FindLast(dinosaurs, \"{0}\"): {1}",
            Ending,
            Array.FindLast(dinosaurs, dinoType));

        Console.WriteLine(
            "\nArray.FindAll(dinosaurs, \"{0}\"):", Ending);

        string[] subArray =
            Array.FindAll(dinosaurs, dinoType);

        foreach(string dinosaur in subArray)
        {
            Console.WriteLine(dinosaur);
        }
    }

    // Search predicate returns true if a string ends in "saurus".
    private bool EndsWithSaurus(string s)
    {
        if ((s.Length > 5) &&
            (s.Substring(s.Length - 6).ToLower() == "saurus"))
        {
            return true;
        }
        else
        {
            return false;
        }
    }

    // Search predicate returns true if a string ends in "raptor".
    private bool EndsWithRaptor(String s)
    {
        if ((s.Length > 5) &&
            (s.Substring(s.Length - 6).ToLower() == "raptor"))
        {
            return true;
        }
        else
        {
            return false;
        }
    }

    // Search predicate returns true if a string ends in "tops".
    private bool EndsWithTops(String s)
    {
        if ((s.Length > 3) &&
            (s.Substring(s.Length - 4).ToLower() == "tops"))
        {
            return true;
        }
        else
        {
            return false;
        }
    }
}

/* This code example produces the following output:

Compsognathus
Amargasaurus
Oviraptor
Velociraptor
Deinonychus
Dilophosaurus
Gallimimus
Triceratops

Array.Exists(dinosaurs, "saurus"): True

Array.TrueForAll(dinosaurs, "saurus"): False

Array.Find(dinosaurs, "saurus"): Amargasaurus

Array.FindLast(dinosaurs, "saurus"): Dilophosaurus

Array.FindAll(dinosaurs, "saurus"):
Amargasaurus
Dilophosaurus
*/

open System

// Search predicate returns true if a string ends in "saurus".
let endsWithSaurus (s: string) =
    s.Length > 5 && s.Substring(s.Length - 6).ToLower() = "saurus"

// Search predicate returns true if a string ends in "raptor".
let endsWithRaptor (s: string) =
    s.Length > 5 && s.Substring(s.Length - 6).ToLower() = "raptor"

// Search predicate returns true if a string ends in "tops".
let endsWithTops (s: string) =
    s.Length > 3 && s.Substring(s.Length - 4).ToLower() = "tops"

type DinoDiscoverySet =
    { Dinosaurs: string [] }

    member this.DiscoverAll() =
        printfn ""
        for dino in this.Dinosaurs do
            printfn $"{dino}"

    member this.DiscoverByEnding(ending: string) =
        let dinoType =
            match ending.ToLower() with
            | "raptor" -> endsWithRaptor
            | "tops" -> endsWithTops
            | "saurus" | _ -> endsWithSaurus

        Array.Exists(this.Dinosaurs, dinoType)
        |> printfn "\nArray.Exists(dinosaurs, \"%s\"): %b" ending

        Array.TrueForAll(this.Dinosaurs, dinoType)
        |> printfn "\nArray.TrueForAll(dinosaurs, \"%s\"): %b" ending

        Array.Find(this.Dinosaurs, dinoType)
        |> printfn "\nArray.Find(dinosaurs, \"%s\"): %s" ending

        Array.FindLast(this.Dinosaurs, dinoType)
        |> printfn "\nArray.FindLast(dinosaurs, \"%s\"): %s" ending

        printfn $"\nArray.FindAll(dinosaurs, \"{ending}\"):"
        for dinosaur in Array.FindAll(this.Dinosaurs, dinoType) do
            printfn $"{dinosaur}"

let dinosaurs =
    [| "Compsognathus"; "Amargasaurus"; "Oviraptor"
       "Velociraptor"; "Deinonychus"; "Dilophosaurus"
       "Gallimimus"; "Triceratops" |]

let goMesozoic = { Dinosaurs = dinosaurs }

goMesozoic.DiscoverAll()
goMesozoic.DiscoverByEnding "saurus"


// This code example produces the following output:
//     Compsognathus
//     Amargasaurus
//     Oviraptor
//     Velociraptor
//     Deinonychus
//     Dilophosaurus
//     Gallimimus
//     Triceratops
//
//     Array.Exists(dinosaurs, "saurus"): true
//
//     Array.TrueForAll(dinosaurs, "saurus"): false
//
//     Array.Find(dinosaurs, "saurus"): Amargasaurus
//
//     Array.FindLast(dinosaurs, "saurus"): Dilophosaurus
//
//     Array.FindAll(dinosaurs, "saurus"):
//     Amargasaurus
//     Dilophosaurus

Public Class DinoDiscoverySet

    Public Shared Sub Main()
        Dim dinosaurs() As String = { "Compsognathus", _
            "Amargasaurus",   "Oviraptor",      "Velociraptor", _
            "Deinonychus",    "Dilophosaurus",  "Gallimimus", _
            "Triceratops" }

        Dim GoMesozoic As New DinoDiscoverySet(dinosaurs)

        GoMesozoic.DiscoverAll()
        GoMesozoic.DiscoverByEnding("saurus")
    End Sub

    Private dinosaurs As String()

    Public Sub New(items() As String)
        dinosaurs = items
    End Sub

    Public Sub DiscoverAll()
        Console.WriteLine()
        For Each dinosaur As String In dinosaurs
            Console.WriteLine(dinosaur)
        Next dinosaur
    End Sub

    Public Sub DiscoverByEnding(Ending As String)
        Dim dinoType As Predicate(Of String)

        Select Case Ending.ToLower()
            Case "raptor"
                dinoType = AddressOf EndsWithRaptor
            Case "tops"
                dinoType = AddressOf EndsWithTops
            Case "saurus"
                dinoType = AddressOf EndsWithSaurus
            Case Else
                dinoType = AddressOf EndsWithSaurus
        End Select

        Console.WriteLine(Environment.NewLine + _
            "Array.Exists(dinosaurs, ""{0}""): {1}", _
            Ending, _
            Array.Exists(dinosaurs, dinoType))

        Console.WriteLine(Environment.NewLine + _
            "Array.TrueForAll(dinosaurs, ""{0}""): {1}", _
            Ending, _
            Array.TrueForAll(dinosaurs, dinoType))

        Console.WriteLine(Environment.NewLine + _
            "Array.Find(dinosaurs, ""{0}""): {1}", _
            Ending, _
            Array.Find(dinosaurs, dinoType))

        Console.WriteLine(Environment.NewLine + _
            "Array.FindLast(dinosaurs, ""{0}""): {1}", _
            Ending, _
            Array.FindLast(dinosaurs, dinoType))

        Console.WriteLine(Environment.NewLine + _
            "Array.FindAll(dinosaurs, ""{0}""):", Ending)

        Dim subArray() As String = _
            Array.FindAll(dinosaurs, dinoType)

        For Each dinosaur As String In subArray
            Console.WriteLine(dinosaur)
        Next dinosaur
    End Sub

    ' Search predicate returns true if a string ends in "saurus".
    Private Function EndsWithSaurus(s As String) As Boolean
        ' AndAlso prevents evaluation of the second Boolean
        ' expression if the string is so short that an error
        ' would occur.
        If (s.Length > 5) AndAlso _
            (s.ToLower().EndsWith("saurus")) Then
            Return True
        Else
            Return False
        End If
    End Function

    ' Search predicate returns true if a string ends in "raptor".
    Private Function EndsWithRaptor(s As String) As Boolean
        ' AndAlso prevents evaluation of the second Boolean
        ' expression if the string is so short that an error
        ' would occur.
        If (s.Length > 5) AndAlso _
            (s.ToLower().EndsWith("raptor")) Then
            Return True
        Else
            Return False
        End If
    End Function

    ' Search predicate returns true if a string ends in "tops".
    Private Function EndsWithTops(s As String) As Boolean
        ' AndAlso prevents evaluation of the second Boolean
        ' expression if the string is so short that an error
        ' would occur.
        If (s.Length > 3) AndAlso _
            (s.ToLower().EndsWith("tops")) Then
            Return True
        Else
            Return False
        End If
    End Function
End Class

' This code example produces the following output:
'
' Compsognathus
' Amargasaurus
' Oviraptor
' Velociraptor
' Deinonychus
' Dilophosaurus
' Gallimimus
' Triceratops
'
' Array.Exists(dinosaurs, "saurus"): True
'
' Array.TrueForAll(dinosaurs, "saurus"): False
'
' Array.Find(dinosaurs, "saurus"): Amargasaurus
'
' Array.FindLast(dinosaurs, "saurus"): Dilophosaurus
'
' Array.FindAll(dinosaurs, "saurus"):
' Amargasaurus
' Dilophosaurus

Kommentarer

Predicate<T> är ett ombud till en metod som returnerar true om objektet som skickas till det matchar de villkor som definierats i ombudet. Elementen array i skickas individuellt till Predicate<T>, och elementen som matchar villkoren sparas i den returnerade matrisen.

Den här metoden är en O()-nåtgärd, där n är för Lengtharray.

I F# kan funktionen Array.filter användas i stället.

Se även

• Exists<T>(T[], Predicate<T>)
• Find<T>(T[], Predicate<T>)
• FindLast<T>(T[], Predicate<T>)
• BinarySearch
• IndexOf
• LastIndexOf
• Predicate<T>